Shaikh Itsamuddin and Mirza Abu Talib challenged the negative portrayal of India by European travelers by presenting a more balanced and positive depiction of Indian society. These Indian scholars rejected the European image of India as a land of chaos and poverty. They sought to correct these misconceptions by highlighting the country’s rich cultural heritage, intellectual achievements, and diverse traditions. Their writings depicted India as a prosperous and ancient civilization, capable of contributing to global discourse, thus providing a counter-narrative to European colonial attitudes.