Step 1: Understanding Vallisneria.
Vallisneria is an aquatic plant that primarily relies on water for pollination. The male flowers are released into the water, where they are carried to the female flowers, which are submerged underwater. This method of pollination is known as hydrophily.
Step 2: Analysis of options.
- (A) Water: Vallisneria uses water for pollination, making this option correct.
- (B) Air: Air pollination is common in terrestrial plants but not in aquatic plants like Vallisneria.
- (C) Insects: Vallisneria does not rely on insects for pollination; instead, it depends on water currents.
- (D) Human beings: Human involvement in pollination is not typical for Vallisneria.
Step 3: Conclusion.
The correct answer is (A) Water, as Vallisneria is pollinated by water.
Flowering plants with hermaphrodite flowers have developed many reproductive strategies to ensure cross-pollination. Study the given outbreeding devices adopted by certain flowering plants and answer the questions that follow. 
Note : All plants belong to the same species. No pollen tube growth/inhibition of pollen germination on stigma. Pollen germination on stigma.
Student to attempt either option (A) or (B).
(A)
(i) Describe the process of megasporogenesis in an angiosperm.
(ii) Draw a diagram of a mature embryo sac of the angiosperm. Label its any four parts.
OR
(B) The reproductive cycle in the female primates is called menstrual cycle. The first menstruation begins at puberty.
Answer the following questions:
(i) Name the four phases of menstrual cycle in a proper sequence.
(ii) How long does the menstrual phase last in a menstrual cycle?
(iii) When and why hormones estrogen and progesterone reach their peak levels respectively, in the menstrual cycle?
(iv) Give the significance of LH surge.
Answer the following questions:
[(i)] Explain the structure of a mature embryo sac of a typical flowering plant.
[(ii)] How is triple fusion achieved in these plants?
OR
[(i)] Describe the changes in the ovary and the uterus as induced by the changes in the level of pituitary and ovarian hormones during menstrual cycle in a human female.