In the structure of \({ClF_3}\), the number of lone pairs of electrons on the central atom \(Cl\) is:
- three
- one
- four
- two
The Correct Option is D
Approach Solution - 1
The correct answer is Option D) two
The structure of \(ClF _{3}\) is 
In the structure of ClF3, the number of lone pairs of electrons on the central atom Cl is two. Cl has 7 valence electrons out of which 3 are involved in bond formation with 3 F atoms. 7−3=4 valence electrons remain in the form of 2 lone pairs of electrons.
Approach Solution -2
The correct answer is Option D) two
Some real-life examples of p-block elements:
1. Carbon: It is the building block of all organic compounds. Carbon is also used in many other applications, such as making plastics, steel, and semiconductors.
2. Silicon: It is used to make semiconductors and also used in making solar cells and other renewable energy technologies.
3. Phosphorus: It is also used in making matches, fertilizers, and fireworks.
4. Germanium: It is used in making transistors and other electronic devices, and also used in making infrared detectors and other optical devices.
Question can also be asked as
1. How many lone pairs of electrons does the chlorine atom in ClF3 have?
2. What is the number of unshared pairs of electrons on the chlorine atom in ClF3?
3. How many bonding pairs of electrons does the chlorine atom in ClF3 have?
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Concepts Used:
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Such a group of atoms is called a molecule. Obviously, there must be some force that holds these constituent atoms together in the molecules. The attractive force which holds various constituents (atoms, ions, etc.) together in different chemical species is called a chemical bond.
Types of Chemical Bonds:
There are 4 types of chemical bonds which are formed by atoms or molecules to yield compounds.
- Ionic Bonds - Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding which involves a transfer of electrons from one atom or molecule to another.
- Covalent Bonds - Compounds that contain carbon commonly exhibit this type of chemical bonding.
- Hydrogen Bonds - It is a type of polar covalent bonding between oxygen and hydrogen wherein the hydrogen develops a partial positive charge
- Polar Bonds - In Polar Covalent chemical bonding, electrons are shared unequally since the more electronegative atom pulls the electron pair closer to itself and away from the less electronegative atom.
Factors Affecting Bond Enthalpy in Chemical Bonding:
- Size of the Atom
- Multiplicity of Bonds
- Number of Lone Pair of Electrons Present
- Bond Angle