Question:

In sky-wave propagation, skip-distance depends on :

Updated On: Jul 6, 2022
  • frequency of e.m. waves transmitted
  • critical frequency of the layer
  • height of layer above earth?? surface
  • all the above
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

Skip distance is the minimum distance on earth?? surface from the transmitter where e.m. wave of a definite frequency can reach after reflection from the ionosphere It is given by $D_{skip} = 2 h \sqrt{\frac{f^2}{f_c^2} - 1} $ $ \Rightarrow \, D_{skip}$ is dependent on h, f and fc.
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Notes on communication systems

Concepts Used:

Communication Systems

A system that describes the information exchange between two points is called the communication system. The transmission and reception process of information is called communication. The major elements of communication are such as:

  • The Transmitter of information
  • Channel or medium of communication
  • The Receiver of information

Examples Of Communication Systems:

The following are the examples of communication systems:

  1. Internet
  2. Public Switched Telephone network
  3. Intranet and Extranet
  4. Television

Types Of Communication Systems:

Turning on Signal specification or technology, the communication system is categorized as follows:

  1. Analog technology communicates data as electronic signals of differing frequencies or amplitude. For instance Broadcast and telephone transmission.
  2. In Digital technology, the data are created and processed in two states: High (represented as 1) and Low (represented as 0). Also this technology stores and transmits data in the form of 1's and 0's.

Elements of a Communication System:

Elements of a Communication System