Question

In Instrumental Landing System, the middle markers are located

• A. About 1 km ahead of the runway threshold
• B. Along the extended centre line of the runway end
• C. At the runway threshold
• D. About 2 km ahead of the runway threshold

Hint:

- The Outer Marker indicates the aircraft is near the initial approach point. - The Middle Marker assists in final approach guidance. - The Inner Marker (if present) confirms very short final approach.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Instrument Landing System (ILS) The Instrument Landing System (ILS) consists of various markers that help pilots in approach and landing. These markers include: - Outer Marker (OM): Located approximately 7.2 km (4 nautical miles) from the runway threshold. - Middle Marker (MM): Located about 1 km (0.5 nautical miles) ahead of the runway threshold. - Inner Marker (IM) (if present): Located just before the runway threshold. Step 2: Verifying Middle Marker Placement - The middle marker provides an indication of being in the final phase of approach. - It emits an amber light and an audio signal (continuous dot-dash tone). - It is positioned at approximately 1 km ahead of the runway threshold, confirming Option (A) is correct.