In a B+- tree where each node can hold at most four key values, a root to leaf path consists of the following nodes:
\( A = (49, 77, 83, -) \)
\( B = (7, 19, 33, 44) \)
\( C = (20^*, 22^*, 25^*, 26^*) \)
The *-marked keys signify that these are data entries in a leaf. Assume that a pointer between keys \( k_1 \) and \( k_2 \) points to a subtree containing keys in \([ k_1, k_2 )\), and that when a leaf is created, the smallest key in it is copied up into its parent. A record with key value 23 is inserted into the B+- tree. The smallest key value in the parent of the leaf that contains 25* is __________ . (Answer in integer)
In a B+- tree where each node can hold at most four key values, a root to leaf path consists of the following nodes:
\( A = (49, 77, 83, -) \)
\( B = (7, 19, 33, 44) \)
\( C = (20^*, 22^*, 25^*, 26^*) \)
The *-marked keys signify that these are data entries in a leaf. Assume that a pointer between keys \( k_1 \) and \( k_2 \) points to a subtree containing keys in \([ k_1, k_2 )\), and that when a leaf is created, the smallest key in it is copied up into its parent. A record with key value 23 is inserted into the B+- tree. The smallest key value in the parent of the leaf that contains 25* is __________ . (Answer in integer)
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Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Identify the Correct Leaf Node - Key 23 is inserted into leaf \( C \), which currently contains \( (20^*, 22^*, 25^*, 26^*) \). - After insertion, \( C \) will contain \( (20^*, 22^*, 23^*, 25^*, 26^*) \).
Step 2: Leaf Node Splitting - Since each node can hold at most 4 keys, the leaf splits into two: - First leaf: \( (20^*, 22^*, 23^*) \) - Second leaf: \( (25^*, 26^*) \) - The smallest key of the second leaf (\( 25 \)) is pushed up into its parent (\( B \)).
Step 3: Identify Parent Update - The updated keys in \( B \) are now \( (7, 19, 25, 33, 44) \). - Since \( B \) also exceeds the allowed 4 keys, it splits into two nodes: - First node: \( (7, 19) \) - Second node: \( (33, 44) \) - The smallest key of the second node (\( 33 \)) is pushed up into \( A \). Thus, the answer is \( 33 \).
Top Questions on Trees
Consider the following algorithm someAlgo that takes an undirected graph \( G \) as input.
someAlgo(G) Let \( v \) be any vertex in \( G \).
1. Run BFS on \( G \) starting at \( v \). Let \( u \) be a vertex in \( G \) at maximum distance from \( v \) as given by the BFS.
2. Run BFS on \( G \) again with \( u \) as the starting vertex. Let \( z \) be the vertex at maximum distance from \( u \) as given by the BFS. 3. Output the distance between \( u \) and \( z \) in \( G \).
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P: Unsorted doubly linked list with pointers to the head node and tail node of the list.
Q: Min-heap implemented using an array.
R: Binary Search Tree.
Which ONE of the following options gives the worst-case time complexities for meld operation on instances of size \( n \) of these data structures?Suppose the values 10, −4, 15, 30, 20, 5, 60, 19 are inserted in that order into an initially empty binary search tree. Let \( T \) be the resulting binary search tree. The number of edges in the path from the node containing 19 to the root node of \( T \) is __________. (Answer in integer)
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What is the output of the following C code?
void foo(int *p, int x) { *p = x; } void main() { int *z; int a = 20, b = 25; z = a; // Incorrect: Should be z = a; foo(z, b); printf("%d", a); }Issue: The statement
z = a;is invalid becauseais an integer, andzis a pointer.
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