Illustrate with examples the limitations of Williamson synthesis for the preparation of certain types of ethers.
Illustrate with examples the limitations of Williamson synthesis for the preparation of certain types of ethers.
Solution and Explanation
The reaction of Williamson synthesis involves SN2 attack of an alkoxide ion on a primary alkyl halide. But if secondary or tertiary alkyl halides are taken in place of primary alkyl halides, then elimination would compete over substitution. As a result, alkenes would be produced. This is because alkoxides are nucleophiles as well as strong bases. Hence, they react with alkyl halides, which results in an elimination reaction.
Top Questions on Alcohols, Phenols And Ethers
- The conversion of phenol to salicylic acid can be accomplished by
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Chemistry
- Alcohols, Phenols And Ethers
- Can sodium ethoxide and t-butyl chloride be used for the preparation of t-butyl ethyl ether? Give suitable explanation. Justify your answer by suggesting the appropriate starting material required for preparation of t-butyl ethyl ether.
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Chemistry
- Alcohols, Phenols And Ethers
- Write the chemical equation for the preparation of anisole. Write the chemical equations of its reactions with:
i) Acetyl chloride
ii) Hydrogen iodide
iii) Mixture of conc.\ H$_2$SO$_4$ and conc.\ HNO$_3$- UP Board XII - 2025
- Chemistry
- Alcohols, Phenols And Ethers
- Write down the method of preparation of phenol. Write chemical equations of the reaction of phenol with the following: (i) Conc. HNO$_3$ (ii) Bromine water (iii) Zinc
- UP Board XII - 2025
- Chemistry
- Alcohols, Phenols And Ethers
- Write the structures of all possible isomers of alcohol having molecular formula C$_4$H$_{10$O.}
- UP Board XII - 2025
- Chemistry
- Alcohols, Phenols And Ethers
Questions Asked in CBSE CLASS XII exam
- Shweta mixed two liquids A and B of 10 mL each. After mixing, the volume of the solution was found to be 20.2 mL.
(i) Why was there a volume change after mixing the liquids?
(ii) Will there be an increase or decrease of temperature after mixing?
(iii) Give one example for this type of solution.- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Solutions
On $31^{\text {st }}$ March, 2024, following is the Balance Sheet of Bhavik Limited :
Bhavik Ltd.
Balance Sheet as at $31^{\text {st }}$ March 2024
I. Equity and Liabilities :
Particulars Note No. $31-3-2024$ (₹) $31-3-2023$ (₹) 1. Shareholders funds (a) Share Capital 12,00,000 10,00,000 (b) Reserves and Surplus 1 4,00,000 3,00,000 2. Non-current liabilities Long-term borrowings 2 6,00,000 10,00,000 3. Current Liabilities 5,00,000 1,00,000 (a) Trade Payables 3 3,00,000 4,00,000 (b) Short-term provisions Total 30,00,000 28,00,000 II. Assets :
1. Non-current Assets (a) Property, Plant and Equipment and Intangible Assets Property plant and equipment 4 19,00,000 15,00,000 (b) Non-current Investments 3,00,000 4,00,000 2. Current Assets (a) Inventories 4,50,000 3,50,000 (b) Trade Receivables 2,50,000 4,50,000 (c) Cash and Cash Equivalents 1,00,000 1,00,000 Total 30,00,000 28,00,000 Notes to Accounts :
Note Particulars $31-3-2024$ (₹) $31-3-2023$ (₹) No. 1. Reserves and Surplus i.e. Balance in Statement of Profit and Loss 4,00,000 3,00,000 2. Long-term borrowings 10% Debentures 6,00,000 10,00,000 3. Short-term provisions Provision for tax 3,00,000 4,00,000 4. Property plant and equipment Plant and Machinery 21,50,000 16,00,000 Less : Accumulated Depreciation 2,50,000 1,00,000 19,00,000 15,00,000 Additional Information :
- During the year, a piece of machinery costing ₹ 8,00,000 with accumulated depreciation of ₹ 50,000 was sold for ₹ 6,50,000.
- Debentures were redeemed on $31^{\text {st }}$ March, 2024.
Calculate :
- Cash flows from Investing Activities
- Cash flows from Financing Activities
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Balance sheet statement
- If \( \overrightarrow{a} + \overrightarrow{b} + \overrightarrow{c} = 0 \), \( |\overrightarrow{a}| = \sqrt{37} \), \( |\overrightarrow{b}| = 3 \), and \( |\overrightarrow{c}| = 4 \), then the angle between \( \overrightarrow{b} \) and \( \overrightarrow{c} \) is:
- Briefly explain how energy is produced in stars, giving two examples of the nuclear reactions involved.
- CBSE CLASS XII - 2025
- Nuclear physics
- If \( \mathbf{a} \) and \( \mathbf{b} \) are position vectors of two points \( P \) and \( Q \) respectively, then find the position vector of a point \( R \) in \( QP \) produced such that \[ QR = \frac{3}{2} QP. \]
Concepts Used:
Classification - Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Alcohols, phenols, and ethers are organic compounds that can be classified based on their molecular structure and functional groups.
Classification of Alcohols:
- Alcohols can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary, based on the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbon atom bearing the hydroxyl group.
- Primary alcohols have one alkyl group attached to the carbon, secondary alcohols have two, and tertiary alcohols have three.
Classification of Phenols:
- Phenols can be classified based on the number and position of the hydroxyl groups attached to the aromatic ring.
- Monohydroxy phenols have one hydroxyl group, while dihydroxy phenols have two.
- Polyhydroxy phenols have more than two hydroxyl groups.
- Resorcinol and catechol are examples of dihydroxy phenols, while tannins are examples of polyhydroxy phenols.
Classification of Ethers:
- Ethers can be classified based on the nature of the alkyl or aryl groups attached to the oxygen atom.
- Simple ethers have two alkyl or aryl groups, while mixed ethers have one alkyl and one aryl group.
- Crown ethers are cyclic ethers that contain multiple ether groups and are used as complexing agents.
In summary, alcohols, phenols, and ethers can be classified based on their molecular structure and functional groups. Understanding the classification of these compounds is important for predicting their reactivity and understanding their potential applications in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and industry.