For two shafts to transmit equal torque and sustain equal maximum shear stress, they need to have equal polar moments of inertia. The polar moment of inertia influences the torsional stress experienced by a shaft, according to the relationship \(\tau = \frac{T \cdot r}{J}\), where \(\tau\) is the shear stress, \(T\) is the torque, and \(J\) is the polar moment of inertia.