Question

If \( n_e \) and \( n_h \) are concentrations of electrons and holes in a semiconductor, then the intrinsic carrier concentration (\( n_i \)) in thermal equilibrium is

• A. \( n_i = \frac{\sqrt{n_e}}{n_h} \)
• B. \( n_i = \frac{n_h}{n_e} \)
• C. \( n_i = \sqrt{n_e n_h} \)
• D. \( n_i = n_e + n_h \)

Hint:

In semiconductors, the intrinsic carrier concentration follows \( n_i^2 = n_e n_h \), a key concept in semiconductor physics.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

For a semiconductor in thermal equilibrium: \[ n_i^2 = n_e n_h \] Taking the square root: \[ n_i = \sqrt{n_e n_h} \] Thus, the correct answer is \( n_i = \sqrt{n_e n_h} \).