Question

Following World War II, which problem was the United States most concerned with regarding Latin America?

• A. Economic stability
• B. Political ideology
• C. Religious persecution
• D. Military dictatorship
• A. it primarily provided money for social reform subsidies.
• B. the moneys provided were only for specific performance projects.
• C. it constituted an extension of the Marshall Plan into Latin America.
• D. it was being used as a means to control the economic destiny of Latin America.
• A. The Good Neighbour Policy.
• B. The Alliance for Progress.
• C. The Act of Bogota.
• D. The Monroe Doctrine.
• A. resulted in a deterioration of U.S.–Latin American relations.
• B. was responsible for Peron remaining as a dictator in Peru.
• C. recognized that economic aid alone would prevent social revolutions.
• D. provided for increased military and economic aid to prevent the spread of communism in Latin America.
• A. Mexico and Chile did not experience the general social crises that are common to the majority of Latin American countries.
• B. President Eisenhower continued in practice the theory that economic aid was the best defense against communist incursion into Latin America.
• C. The Good Neighbour Policy favoured a multilateral interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine.
• D. The traditional U.S. approach in Latin America was to protect the status quo.
• A. Rebellions are fuelled by social reforms and avoided by supporting established authorities or continuing the present state of affairs.
• B. The American policy towards Asia can be called an overall success, though small in magnitude.
• C. Kennedy, in 1958, wanted America to aid South American countries to acquire more support in their fight against communism.
• D. Eisenhower rejected the Marshall Plan, whereas Kennedy implemented a similar one.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

The passage makes it clear that in the postwar years, the United States was primarily worried about the spread of communism in Latin America.
It states that the U.S. preferred supporting military dictatorships over reformist leaders if there was any chance those reformers might lean towards the political “left.”
This reflects a Cold War mindset where controlling political ideology, especially preventing communist influence, was a dominant foreign policy goal.
Option (a) is incorrect — while economic stability was important, the primary fear motivating U.S. actions was ideological.
Option (c) is incorrect — there is no mention of religious persecution in the passage as a driving concern.
Option (d) is incorrect — the U.S. often supported military dictatorships, so it was not the problem they sought to eliminate.
Thus, the main concern was political ideology, specifically the prevention of communism, making (b) correct.

Answer 2

The passage notes that although the United States invested large sums in Latin America — both through government and private channels — many Latin Americans viewed this aid not as generosity, but as “economic imperialism.”
This perception meant they saw the Inter-American Development Bank and similar initiatives as tools for U.S. influence over their economies.
Option (a) is incorrect — the money was not primarily directed to social reform subsidies; in fact, the U.S. often favored status quo stability over reform.
Option (b) is incorrect — the passage does not mention restrictions based solely on specific project performance as the reason for rejection.
Option (c) is incorrect — while Kennedy’s later “Alliance for Progress” was compared to the Marshall Plan, the Inter-American Development Bank was not framed as a Marshall Plan equivalent in the same way.
Option (d) directly matches the idea of “economic imperialism” described in the passage, making it the correct answer.

Answer 3

The passage describes President Kennedy’s proposal for the “Alliance for Progress” as a ten-year plan designed to achieve for Latin America what the Marshall Plan had achieved for Western Europe.
This plan aimed to improve living standards, reduce the appeal of communism, and foster peaceful economic and social reforms across the region.
Option (a) The Good Neighbour Policy refers to Roosevelt’s earlier, largely non-interventionist approach, not a large-scale development plan.
Option (c) The Act of Bogota was an important cooperative economic measure but on a smaller scale; it was not framed as a comprehensive Marshall Plan-style initiative.
Option (d) The Monroe Doctrine dates back to the 19th century and primarily aimed to oppose European colonization in the Americas, not to promote development aid.
Thus, the clear equivalent to a Marshall Plan for Latin America is (b) The Alliance for Progress.

Answer 4

The passage describes how U.S. policy evolved under leaders like Eisenhower and Kennedy to include significant economic aid and some military support, with the explicit aim of preventing communist influence in Latin America.
Earlier approaches tended to avoid reform and support the status quo, often backing military dictators who opposed leftist movements.
Kennedy’s “Alliance for Progress” represented a shift towards large-scale aid programs designed to improve living standards and thus reduce the appeal of communism.
Option (a) is incorrect — while there were tensions, the focus of the question is on the *policy change*, not on worsening relations.
Option (b) is incorrect — Perón was from Argentina, not Peru, and his dictatorship was supported earlier as part of status quo maintenance, not as part of the described fundamental change.
Option (c) is incorrect — Kennedy’s plan recognized that economic aid needed to be paired with social reforms, not that aid alone was sufficient.
Option (d) correctly captures the dual nature of the policy shift: using both economic and, when necessary, military aid to prevent communist spread.

Answer 5

Option (a) is true — the passage explicitly states that Mexico and Chile were partial exceptions to the widespread economic and social crises in Latin America.
Option (b) is not true — Eisenhower's approach often leaned towards maintaining the status quo and supporting dictators rather than using economic aid as the *primary* defense against communism. While he did introduce some economic programs, they were often seen by Latin Americans as economic imperialism, and his priority was stability over reform.
Option (c) is true — Roosevelt’s Good Neighbour Policy indeed promoted a more multilateral version of the Monroe Doctrine, signaling less unilateral U.S. intervention.
Option (d) is true — the passage emphasizes that historically, U.S. policy in Latin America favored established regimes to protect existing power structures.
Thus, (b) is the statement that does not align with the passage.

Answer 6

Option (a) is incorrect — the passage implies that rebellions in Latin America were fuelled by economic inequality and lack of reforms, not by reforms themselves; supporting the status quo often increased revolutionary tendencies.
Option (b) is irrelevant — while the opening sentence contrasts U.S. policies toward Europe, Asia, and Latin America, it does not quantify Asia policy as “small in magnitude” or focus on that measure.
Option (c) is correct — in 1958, Senator Kennedy had already argued for raising living standards in Latin America as the best way to prevent communism, showing he wanted proactive aid to South American nations in their anti-communist efforts.
Option (d) is misleading — Eisenhower did not reject the Marshall Plan; the Marshall Plan was specific to postwar Europe. Kennedy’s “Alliance for Progress” was similar in spirit but focused on Latin America, not a continuation or rejection of the original European plan.
Thus, (c) is the valid inference from the passage.