Given below are some nitrogen containing compounds:
Each of them is treated with HCl separately. 1.0 g of the most basic compound will consume ...... mg of HCl.
(Given Molar mass in g mol\(^{-1}\): C = 12, H = 1, O = 16, Cl = 35.5.)
Arrange the following in increasing order of their pK\(_b\) values.
What is Z in the following set of reactions?
Acetophenone can be prepared from which of the following reactants?
What are \(X\) and \(Y\) in the following reactions?
What are \(X\) and \(Y\) respectively in the following reaction?
Acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance. Base is an ion or molecule capable of accepting a hydrogen ion from acid.
Physical Properties | ACIDS | BASES |
Taste | Sour | Bitter |
Colour on Litmus paper | Turns blue litmus red | Turns red litmus blue |
Ions produced on dissociation | H+ | OH- |
pH | <7 (less than 7) | >7 (more than 7) |
Strong acids | HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 | NaOH, KOH |
Weak Acids | CH3COOH, H3PO4, H2CO3 | NH4OH |
Type of Reaction | Acid | Bases |
Reaction with Metals | Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas (H2) E.g., Zn(s)+ dil. H2SO4 → ZnSO4 (Zinc Sulphate) + H2 | Base + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas (H2) E.g., 2NaOH +Zn → Na2ZnO2 (Sodium zincate) + H2 |
Reaction with hydrogen carbonates (bicarbonate) and carbonates | Metal carbonate/Metal hydrogen carbonate + Acid → Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water E.g., HCl+NaOH → NaCl+ H2O 2. Na2CO3+ 2 HCl(aq) →2NaCl(aq)+ H2O(l) + CO2(g) 3. Na2CO3+ 2H2SO4(aq) →2Na2SO4(aq)+ H2O(l) + CO2(g) 4. NaHCO3+ HCl → NaCl+ H2O+ CO2 | Base+ Carbonate/ bicarbonate → No reaction |
Neutralisation Reaction | Base + Acid → Salt + Water E.g., NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) | Base + Acid → Salt + Water E.g., CaO+ HCl (l) → CaCl2 (aq)+ H2O (l) |
Reaction with Oxides | Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Water E.g., CaO+ HCl (l) → CaCl2 (aq)+ H2O (l) | Non- Metallic oxide + Base → Salt + Water E.g., Ca(OH)2+ CO2 → CaCO3+ H2O |
Dissolution in Water | Acid gives H+ ions in water. E.g., HCl → H+ + Cl- HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl– | Base gives OH- ions in water. |
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