Identify the correct statements:
A. Lenticels are the lens-shaped openings permitting the exchange of gases. B. Bark formed early in the season is called hard bark. C. Bark is a technical term that refers to all tissues exterior to vascular cambium. D. Bark refers to periderm and secondary phloem. E. Phellogen is single-layered in thickness. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Identify the correct statements:
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
A and D only
A, B and D only
B and C only
B, C and E only
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
To determine which statements are correct, let's evaluate each option individually:
A. Lenticels are the lens-shaped openings permitting the exchange of gases. This statement is true. Lenticels are indeed lens-shaped openings in the bark of woody plants that allow for gas exchange.
B. Bark formed early in the season is called hard bark. This statement is false. Early season bark is typically called "soft bark" due to its flexibility.
C. Bark is a technical term that refers to all tissues exterior to vascular cambium. This statement is true. Bark includes all tissues outside the vascular cambium.
D. Bark refers to periderm and secondary phloem. This statement is true. Bark consists of both periderm (the protective tissue) and secondary phloem.
E. Phellogen is single-layered in thickness. This statement is true. The phellogen, also known as the cork cambium, typically consists of a single layer of cells.
Based on the analysis:
- A is correct.
- D is correct.
Therefore, the correct answer is: A and D only
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Concepts Used:
Secondary Growth
Secondary growth is an increase in girth of thickness of the axis due to activity of lateral meristem. The tissues involved in secondary growth are two lateral meristems are vascular cambium and cork cambium.
Secondary Growth in Stem:
Formation of Cambium Ring-
- The cambium present between the xylem and phloem in vascular bundles is called Fascicular or Interfascicular cambium.
- In secondary growth, few medullary ray cells that are located between vascular bundles also become meristematic, and it is known as Interfascicular cambium.
Formation of the secondary tissues-
- The cambium ring cuts off cells on both sides. It produces secondary phloem outwardly and secondary xylem inwardly.
- The amount of secondary xylem cut off is more than the secondary phloem.
Secondary Growth in Root:
Vascular Cambium-
- The cambium is absent initially but develops later at the time of secondary growth.
- The pericycle cells lying outside the protoxylem and the conjunctive parenchyma cells on the lateral side of the phloem bundle become meristematic to form many cambial strips.
Cork Cambium-
- The cork cambium develops because of the tangential division of cells of the pericycle.
- The activity of cork cambium is like that found in the dicot stem, so it produces cork cells or phellem towards the outside and phelloderm or secondary cortex towards the inside.
Abnormal secondary growth:
- Due to absence of the cambium in monocots, monocots don’t show secondary growth and the vascular system is totally composed of primary tissues.
- The vascular bundles are irregularly scattered in the ground tissues, such that the cortex and other ground tissues can’t be differentiated.
- Dracaena, Yucca, Agave are examples of monocots that exhibit a peculiar type of secondary growth in thickness.