Question

Identify the correct statement

• A. Cortisol is a mineralo-corticoid
• B. Adrenaline and noradrenaline are commonly called catecholamines
• C. Zona reticularis of adrenal gland produces epinephrine
• D. Insulin is an enzyme that regulates mineral metabolism

Hint:

Catecholamines include adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine—these are crucial for stress responses and are secreted by the adrenal medulla.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) are hormones and neurotransmitters secreted by the adrenal medulla. They are derived from the amino acid tyrosine and belong to a class of compounds called catecholamines, characterized by a catechol group and an amine group. These hormones play a major role in the body's fight-or-flight response.
- Option (1) is incorrect: Cortisol is a glucocorticoid, not a mineralocorticoid. Aldosterone is the major mineralocorticoid.
- Option (3) is incorrect: The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex primarily secretes androgens, not epinephrine. Epinephrine is secreted by the adrenal medulla.
- Option (4) is incorrect: Insulin is a hormone, not an enzyme, and it regulates glucose metabolism—not mineral metabolism.
Thus, the correct answer is option (2).

Answer 2

Adrenaline and noradrenaline are important hormones and neurotransmitters produced by the adrenal medulla, the inner part of the adrenal glands located above the kidneys. These hormones play a vital role in the body's "fight or flight" response, helping the body respond to stressful situations by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and blood flow to muscles.

Chemically, both adrenaline and noradrenaline belong to a class of compounds called catecholamines. Catecholamines are derived from the amino acid tyrosine and contain a catechol group (a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups) and an amine group. This structural feature is key to their biological activity.

Due to their chemical nature and function, adrenaline and noradrenaline are commonly referred to as catecholamines. This term distinguishes them from other hormones and neurotransmitters and highlights their specific role in regulating cardiovascular and metabolic functions during stress.

Therefore, the correct statement is that adrenaline and noradrenaline are commonly called catecholamines.