For separation by differential extraction one of the component must form salt with the given base so that the salt will be extracted in aqueous layer leaving other component in organic layer. (a) Both phenol and benzoic acid forms salt with NaOH, hence this mixture can-t be separated. (b) Benzoic acid forms salt with NaOH while benzyl alcohol does not, hence the mixture can be separated using NaOH. Also benzoic acid forms salt with $NaHCO_3$ but benzyl alcohol does not, hence $NaHCO_3$ can be used for separation. (c) Neither benzyl alcohol nor phenol forms salt with $NaHCO_3$, mixture cannot be separated using $NaHCO_3$. (d) $C_6H_5CH_2COOH$ forms salt with $NaOH_3 C_6H_5CH_2OH$ does not, hence mixture can be separated using $NaOH_3$
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Top Questions on Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids are carbonyl compounds that contain a carbon-oxygen double bond. These organic compounds are very important in the field of organic chemistry and also have many industrial applications.
Aldehydes:
Aldehydes are organic compounds that have the functional group -CHO.
Preparation of Aldehydes
Acid chlorides are reduced to aldehydes with hydrogen in the presence of palladium catalyst spread on barium sulfate.
Ketones:
Ketones are organic compounds that have the functional group C=O and the structure R-(C=O)-R’.
Preparation of Ketones
Acid chlorides on reaction with dialkyl cadmium produce ketones. Dialkyl cadmium themselves are prepared from Grignard reagents.
Carboxylic Acid:
Carboxylic acids are organic compounds that contain a (C=O)OH group attached to an R group (where R refers to the remaining part of the molecule).
Preparation of Carboxylic Acids
Primary alcohols are readily oxidized to carboxylic acids with common oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate in neutral acidic or alkaline media or by potassium dichromate and chromium trioxide in acidic media.
