Question

How does the production of insulin take place in genetically modified organisms?

Hint:

The use of genetically modified bacteria for insulin production revolutionized diabetes treatment by providing a reliable, cost-effective source of insulin.

Answer 1

Step 1: Genetic Modification of Organisms. - The production of insulin in genetically modified organisms (GMOs) involves inserting the human insulin gene into a host organism's DNA, usually bacteria like Escherichia coli or yeast.
Step 2: Process of Insulin Production. - Gene Isolation: The human gene responsible for producing insulin (proinsulin) is isolated. - Gene Insertion: The gene is inserted into the DNA of a bacterial plasmid (a small, circular piece of DNA). - Transformation: The recombinant plasmid is introduced into bacterial cells. - Protein Production: The genetically modified bacteria are cultured, and they begin to produce insulin. - Harvesting: The insulin is then purified from the culture medium and used for medical purposes.
Final Answer: Insulin production in GMOs involves inserting the human insulin gene into bacteria or yeast, which then produce the protein, which is later harvested and purified.