Question

How do the ``landforms'' and ``urbanisation'' influence the distribution of world population? Explain with examples.

Hint:

Plains + Cities = Dense population
Mountains + Deserts = Sparse population

Answer 1

Concept: Population distribution across the world is uneven and influenced by both physical and human factors. Landforms represent a physical factor, while urbanisation is a major human factor shaping population concentration. Influence of Landforms:

• Plains Attract Dense Population:
  Flat and fertile plains support agriculture, transport, and settlement.
  Example: Indo-Gangetic Plain and North China Plain.
• Mountains Discourage Settlement:
  Rugged terrain, harsh climate, and limited accessibility result in sparse population.
  Example: Himalayas and Andes.
• Plateaus and Deserts:
  Harsh climatic conditions and poor soil fertility lead to low population density.
  Example: Sahara Desert and Australian Plateau.

Influence of Urbanisation:

• Employment Opportunities:
  Cities attract people due to industries, services, and job prospects.
  Example: Tokyo, New York, Mumbai.
• Better Infrastructure:
  Urban areas provide healthcare, education, transport, and housing facilities, leading to population concentration.
• Migration and Urban Growth:
  Rural-to-urban migration increases population density in metropolitan regions.

Conclusion:
Favourable landforms like plains and rapid urbanisation lead to dense population clusters, while mountains and deserts remain sparsely populated.