Question

How did the First World War help in the growth of the National Movement in India?

Hint:

World War I exposed British exploitation and caused economic hardship, leading to political awakening and the rise of mass nationalism in India.

Answer 1

Concept: The First World War (1914–1918) had a profound impact on India. Although India supported the British war effort, the war led to economic, political, and social changes that accelerated the growth of nationalism.
Step 1: Economic hardships. The war caused heavy economic strain:

• Rise in taxes and forced war loans
• Inflation and increase in prices of essential goods
• Shortage of food and basic necessities

These hardships created widespread resentment among the masses.
Step 2: Increased exploitation by the British. India supplied soldiers, raw materials, and financial support to Britain. However, Indians received little political benefit, exposing the exploitative nature of colonial rule.
Step 3: Political awakening. Indian leaders expected political concessions in return for their support. When reforms were limited and repressive measures like the Rowlatt Act were introduced, nationalist sentiments intensified.
Step 4: Growth of mass nationalism. The post-war period saw:

• Emergence of new leaders like Mahatma Gandhi
• Launch of mass movements such as the Non-Cooperation Movement
• Participation of peasants, workers, and middle classes

Step 5: International influence. The war promoted ideas of self-determination and democracy worldwide, inspiring Indians to demand independence.
Conclusion: The First World War created economic distress, political awareness, and mass dissatisfaction with British rule, which significantly accelerated the growth of the Indian National Movement.