Question

How are platelets stored? Enumerate indications and complications of platelet transfusion.

Hint:

Monitor platelet transfusion patients closely for allergic reactions, fever, and signs of TRALI, especially in those with previous transfusions.

Answer 1

Step 1: Storage of Platelets.
Platelets are stored at room temperature (20–24°C) with gentle agitation to prevent clumping. Unlike red blood cells, which are stored in refrigerators, platelets are stored at room temperature due to their sensitivity to cold. They should be used within 5 days of collection to ensure their effectiveness in transfusion.

Step 2: Indications for Platelet Transfusion.
Platelet transfusion is indicated in the following cases:
- Thrombocytopenia: Platelet counts less than 50,000/μL in patients at risk of bleeding or less than 10,000/μL in non-bleeding patients.
- Bleeding Disorders: In conditions like leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, or after chemotherapy.
- Platelet Dysfunction: Conditions like Bernard-Soulier syndrome, where platelets do not function properly despite a normal platelet count.

Step 3: Complications of Platelet Transfusion.
The complications associated with platelet transfusion include:
- Allergic Reactions: Mild reactions like rashes or severe reactions like anaphylaxis can occur.
- Febrile Reactions: The transfusion may cause fever, particularly in patients with prior platelet transfusions.
- Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI): A rare but serious complication characterized by acute respiratory distress.
- Bacterial Contamination: Platelets, stored at room temperature, are susceptible to bacterial growth, leading to potential infection.

Step 4: Conclusion.
Platelets are stored at room temperature with gentle agitation and must be used within 5 days of collection. Platelet transfusion is used for thrombocytopenia, bleeding disorders, or dysfunctional platelets, but complications such as allergic reactions, TRALI, and bacterial contamination must be closely monitored.