Step 1: Decode the stem relationship.
In a hierarchy, items are arranged in ranked order.
⇒ Concept \(\to\) its inherent organizing property.
Step 2: Test each pair for the same relation.
(A) Equation : solved ⇒ “solved” is a state after work, not an inherent organizing property.
(B) Critique : biased ⇒ critiques are not inherently biased.
(C) Chronology : sequential ⇒ chronology is arrangement by sequence/time — matches “concept \(\to\) inherent ordering property.”
(D) Infinity : fixed ⇒ contradiction (infinite is not fixed).
\[
\boxed{\text{(C) Chronology : sequential}}
\]