Star fish (phylum Echinodermata) possess remarkable regenerative ability; they can regenerate lost arms and, in some species, an entire individual can develop from a single severed arm if part of the central disc is attached. Regeneration involves cell proliferation and re-patterning to replace tissues and organs. Cockroaches and frogs show limited regeneration under specific conditions (cockroach limbs can regrow during successive molts; amphibian larvae regenerate tails), while birds such as sparrows lack significant regenerative capacity for major body parts.