From a flow-net, which of the following information can be obtained?
A. Rate of flow
B. Pore water pressure
C. Exit gradient
D. Permeability
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Step 1: Understanding flow-net.
A flow-net is a graphical representation of seepage through soils, consisting of flow lines and equipotential lines. It helps to analyze seepage problems without solving differential equations.
Step 2: Information that can be obtained.
- (A) Rate of flow: Yes, it can be determined using the number of flow channels and potential drops.
- (B) Pore water pressure: Yes, it can be estimated at any point using the equipotential lines.
- (C) Exit gradient: Yes, it can be computed using the slope of the hydraulic head near the downstream side.
- (D) Permeability: No, permeability is a soil property and must be determined through laboratory or field tests, not from a flow-net.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Thus, from a flow-net, we can obtain A, B, and C only.
A weight of $500\,$N is held on a smooth plane inclined at $30^\circ$ to the horizontal by a force $P$ acting at $30^\circ$ to the inclined plane as shown. Then the value of force $P$ is:
A steel wire of $20$ mm diameter is bent into a circular shape of $10$ m radius. If modulus of elasticity of wire is $2\times10^{5}\ \text{N/mm}^2$, then the maximum bending stress induced in wire is: