Step 1: Understanding Parthenogenesis
Parthenogenesis is the formation of an embryo from an unfertilized female gamete (egg).
This process occurs in certain plants, invertebrates, and some vertebrates, leading to asexual reproduction.
Step 2: Analyzing Other Options
Apomixis refers to a type of asexual reproduction in plants that does not involve fertilization.
Apogamy is the development of a sporophyte from a gametophyte without fertilization.
Apospory is the direct formation of a gametophyte from sporophytic cells, bypassing meiosis.
Since parthenogenesis specifically refers to embryo formation from an unfertilized female gamete, the correct answer is (4) Parthenogenesis.