Question

"Foreign policy is mainly based on dual pressure of domestic requirements and international circumstances." Justify your answer from the history of Indian foreign policy.

Hint:

Link historical events to both domestic and international influences when explaining foreign policy decisions.

Answer 1

Understanding the dual pressures on Indian foreign policy. Indian foreign policy operates at the intersection of domestic priorities and international pressures. National security, economic stability, and political ideology influence its diplomatic decisions, while global power shifts, trade relations, and strategic alliances shape external actions.
Domestic influences on foreign policy.
{Non-Alignment Movement (NAM):} India’s policy of non-alignment during the Cold War stemmed from its post-independence commitment to sovereignty and economic independence.
{Economic liberalization (1991):} Facing an economic crisis, India embraced globalization, fostering relations with the US, EU, and Southeast Asia.
{Energy security:} India’s reliance on oil imports led to close ties with Middle Eastern nations and Russia. {Diaspora engagement:} A large overseas Indian population influenced policies towards nations such as the US, Canada, and the Gulf.International factors influencing foreign policy.
{Indo-US nuclear deal (2008):} Geopolitical shifts and India’s energy needs facilitated cooperation despite resistance.
{Border conflicts:} Tensions with China (Doklam, Galwan) and Pakistan (Kashmir) necessitate diplomatic-military strategies.
{Regional aspirations:} India’s active role in SAARC, QUAD, and BRICS reflects its strategic vision. India’s foreign policy reflects a delicate balance between national priorities and international compulsions. Its ability to adapt to evolving global dynamics ensures its strategic interests are safeguarded.