Comprehension
For two years, I tracked down dozens of . . . Chinese in Upper Egypt [who were] selling lingerie. In a deeply conservative region, where Egyptian families rarely allow women to work or own businesses, the Chinese flourished because of their status as outsiders. They didn’t gossip, and they kept their opinions to themselves. In a New Yorker article entitled “Learning to Speak Lingerie,” I described the Chinese use of Arabic as another non-threatening characteristic. I wrote, “Unlike Mandarin, Arabic is inflected for gender, and Chinese dealers, who learn the language strictly by ear, often pick up speech patterns from female customers. I’ve come to think of it as the lingerie dialect, and there’s something disarming about these Chinese men speaking in the feminine voice.” . . .
When I wrote about the Chinese in the New Yorker, most readers seemed to appreciate the unusual perspective. But as I often find with topics that involve the Middle East, some people had trouble getting past the black-and-white quality of a byline. “This piece is so orientalist I don’t know what to do,” Aisha Gani, a reporter who worked at The Guardian, tweeted. Another colleague at the British paper, Iman Amrani, agreed: “I wouldn’t have minded an article on the subject written by an Egyptian woman—probably would have had better insight.” . . . 
As an MOL (man of language), I also take issue with this kind of essentialism. Empathy and understanding are not inherited traits, and they are not strictly tied to gender and race. An individual who wrestles with a difficult language can learn to be more sympathetic to outsiders and open to different experiences of the world. This learning process—the embarrassments, the frustrations, the gradual sense of understanding and connection—is invariably transformative. In Upper Egypt, the Chinese experience of struggling to learn Arabic and local culture had made them much more thoughtful. In the same way, I was interested in their lives not because of some kind of voyeurism, but because I had also experienced Egypt and Arabic as an outsider. And both the Chinese and the Egyptians welcomed me because I spoke their languages. My identity as a white male was far less important than my ability to communicate.
And that easily lobbed word—“Orientalist”—hardly captures the complexity of our interactions. What exactly is the dynamic when a man from Missouri observes a Zhejiang native selling lingerie to an Upper Egyptian woman? . . . If all of us now stand beside the same river, speaking in ways we all understand, who’s looking east and who’s looking west? Which way is Oriental? 
For all of our current interest in identity politics, there’s no corresponding sense of identity linguistics. You are what you speak—the words that run throughout your mind are at least as fundamental to your selfhood as is your ethnicity or your gender. And sometimes it’s healthy to consider human characteristics that are not inborn, rigid, and outwardly defined. After all, you can always learn another language and change who you are.
Question: 1

Which of the following can be inferred from the author’s claim, “Which way is Oriental?”

Updated On: Jul 26, 2025
  • Goodwill alone mitigates cultural hierarchies and barriers. 

  • Learning another language can mitigate cultural hierarchies and barriers. 

  • Globalisation has mitigated cultural hierarchies and barriers. 

  • Orientalism is a discourse of the past, from colonial times, rarely visible today.
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

The question is about inferring which statement aligns with the author’s claim, "Which way is Oriental?" from the given passage. The passage discusses the experience of Chinese individuals in Upper Egypt and their impact due to their outsider status and linguistic adaptability.

1. The author narrates how Chinese people in Upper Egypt selling lingerie adapt by learning Arabic, which is not inflected in the same way as Mandarin. The Chinese learn by ear, often adopting speech patterns from female customers. This demonstrates their openness to understanding another culture, enhancing their acceptance in a conservative society.

2. The discussion around Orientalism suggests that identity is not just about ethnicity or gender but also about language. The author refutes the essentialism criticism by emphasizing the role of language in creating empathy and understanding across cultural boundaries.

3. The author believes language learning is transformative and fosters better understanding and connection with the world. The ability to communicate in different languages is portrayed as a more significant aspect of identity than race or gender.

4. The author criticizes the lack of 'identity linguistics' in contemporary identity politics, suggesting that language significantly contributes to selfhood and can alter individual identity.

In light of these points, the inference that "Learning another language can mitigate cultural hierarchies and barriers." is correct. The passage highlights how the Chinese men's efforts to learn Arabic facilitated their acceptance across cultural barriers in Egypt, which reflects on the power of language learning in mitigating cultural differences.

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Question: 2

A French ethnographer decides to study the culture of a Nigerian tribe. Which of the following is most likely to be the view of the author of the passage?

Updated On: Jul 26, 2025
  • The author would discourage the ethnographer from conducting the study as Nigerian ethnographers can better understand the tribe. 

  • The author would encourage the ethnographer and recommend him/her to hire a good translator for the purpose of holding interviews.
  • The author would encourage the ethnographer, but ask him/her to first learn the language of the Nigerian tribe s/he wishes to study
  • The author would encourage the ethnographer, but ask him/her to be mindful of his/her racial and gender identity in the process.
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

The passage emphasizes the importance of language learning and cultural understanding over inherent characteristics such as race or gender. The author shares experiences where language proficiency facilitated deeper connections and understanding, regardless of ethnicity or gender. Both the author and the Chinese merchants were accepted because of their ability to communicate in the local language, highlighting that language learning and cultural immersion are transformative. 

The author's stance in the passage suggests that they value the ability to learn and communicate in the local language as a crucial aspect of conducting meaningful ethnographic studies. This aligns with the option:

"The author would encourage the ethnographer, but ask him/her to first learn the language of the Nigerian tribe s/he wishes to study."

This option emphasizes the significance of language learning as a gateway to empathy and understanding, resonating with the passage's core message about transcending racial and gender boundaries through linguistic engagement.

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Question: 3

The author’s critics would argue that:

Updated On: Jul 26, 2025
  • Linguistic politics can be erased.
  • Empathy can overcome identity politics.
  • Language is insufficient to bridge cultural barriers.
  • Orientalism cannot be practiced by Egyptians. 

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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

The comprehension passage describes the experience of Chinese individuals selling lingerie in Upper Egypt, highlighting how their outsider status and adaptation to local language and culture helped them thrive. The passage also includes a critique of essentialism, stating that empathy and understanding are not tied to gender, race, or inherent traits but can be developed through language learning.
Critics argued that language alone is insufficient to overcome cultural divides or identity politics, as stated by the critical response labeling the author's piece as orientalism. Therefore, analyzing the given options:
  • Linguistic politics can be erased.
  • Empathy can overcome identity politics.
  • Language is insufficient to bridge cultural barriers.
  • Orientalism cannot be practiced by Egyptians.
The correct answer based on the passage is Language is insufficient to bridge cultural barriers. This reflects the critics' argument that despite language learning and use, cultural interaction complexity cannot be fully addressed.
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Question: 4

According to the passage, which of the following is not responsible for language’s ability to change us? 

Updated On: Jul 26, 2025
  • Language’s intrinsic connection to our notions of self and identity. 

  • Language’s ability to mediate the impact of identity markers one is born with. 

  • The twists and turns in the evolution of language over time.
  • The ups and downs involved in the course of learning a language.
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation

To solve the question on which aspect is not responsible for language's ability to change us, we need to examine the passage and assess each option in the context of how language influences identity and self-transformation.

The passage explores the effect of language on personal identity and how learning a new language can lead to a transformation in personality and perceptions. It suggests several factors contributing to this transformation:
 

  • Language's intrinsic connection to our notions of self and identity: The passage highlights that language is fundamental to selfhood, suggesting that learning a new language affects one's identity.
  • Language's ability to mediate the impact of identity markers one is born with: The passage indicates that language learning can transcend inborn characteristics like gender and race, fostering empathy and understanding.
  • The twists and turns in the evolution of language over time: The passage does not imply that the historical evolution of language influences personal identity or transformation; it is more focused on the individual's language learning process.
  • The ups and downs involved in the course of learning a language: The passage discusses the challenges and gains from struggling with a language, emphasizing these experiences as transformational.

Given this analysis, the correct answer is that The twists and turns in the evolution of language over time are not responsible for language's ability to change us, as the passage focuses more on personal language experiences and transformations rather than historical language evolution.

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