Question

For a gradually varied flow, consider the following statements:
P: \( y_n>y_c>y \) in M3 surface profile
Q: \( y_n<y_c<y \) in S1 surface profile
where, \( y_n \) is normal depth, \( y_c \) is critical depth, and \( y \) is flow depth.
Choose the correct option from the following:

• A. P is TRUE; Q is TRUE
• B. P is TRUE; Q is FALSE
• C. P is FALSE; Q is TRUE
• D. P is FALSE; Q is FALSE

Hint:

For gradually varied flow, understand the different surface profiles: - In M3 profile, \( y_n>y_c>y \). - In S1 profile, \( y_n<y_c<y \).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

[Step 1:] In a gradually varied flow, the surface profile describes the relationship between the flow depth and the channel slope. There are various surface profiles such as M3 and S1. [Step 2:] For the M3 profile, the normal depth \( y_n \) is greater than the critical depth \( y_c \), and the flow depth \( y \) is less than \( y_c \), which is represented by the statement \( y_n>y_c>y \). [Step 3:] For the S1 profile (subcritical flow), \( y_n \) is less than \( y_c \), and \( y \) is greater than \( y_c \), which is represented by \( y_n<y_c<y \). [Step 4:] Therefore, both statements P and Q are correct based on the characteristics of the M3 and S1 surface profiles.