Question

The most suitable method for disposal of municipal solid waste in large cities is:

• A. Open dumping
• B. Incineration
• C. Sanitary landfill
• D. Composting

Hint:

For large cities, the answer is almost always {sanitary landfill}. Open dumping is outdated and unsafe.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Nature of municipal solid waste in cities.
Municipal solid waste in large cities consists of household waste, commercial refuse, street sweepings, and institutional waste. The quantity is large, and the waste composition is highly mixed, requiring a safe and long-term disposal method.
Step 2: Requirements of an ideal disposal method.
An ideal disposal method should prevent groundwater contamination, control odors, minimize health hazards, and allow safe handling of large volumes of waste over long periods.
Step 3: Evaluation of options.
(A) Open dumping: This causes severe environmental pollution, foul odor, and health hazards, and is not suitable for cities.
(B) Incineration: Although it reduces volume, it is costly and causes air pollution if not properly controlled.
(C) Sanitary landfill: Correct — It is a scientifically designed method that safely isolates waste from the environment using liners, covers, and leachate control systems.
(D) Composting: Useful only for biodegradable waste and not suitable for handling total municipal waste in large cities.
Step 4: Final conclusion.
Due to its environmental safety, capacity to handle large waste volumes, and long-term effectiveness, the most suitable method is (C) Sanitary landfill.