Question

Extrahepatic portal hypertension: Clinical feature.

Hint:

The most common clinical feature of EHPH is splenomegaly, often accompanied by thrombocytopenia and variceal bleeding, which can be life-threatening.

Answer 1

Step 1: Clinical Features of Extrahepatic Portal Hypertension.
The clinical presentation of extrahepatic portal hypertension is often related to the complications of increased portal venous pressure and collateral circulation. Common features include:
(1) Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen due to increased pressure in the portal system, often the first sign of EHPH.
(2) Variceal Bleeding: The development of dilated varices in the esophagus, stomach, or rectum can lead to life-threatening bleeding. This is a common and severe complication of EHPH.
(3) Ascites: The accumulation of fluid in the abdomen due to increased portal pressure can cause abdominal distention.
(4) Thrombocytopenia: A reduced platelet count due to sequestration in the enlarged spleen, leading to a risk of bleeding.
(5) Jaundice: Though not typical in EHPH, jaundice may occur if there is associated liver involvement or if the condition leads to hepatic dysfunction.
(6) Abdominal Pain and Discomfort: Due to the enlarged spleen or variceal bleeding.