Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) refers to
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Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) are DNA sequences that represent expressed genes.
- DNA polymorphism
- Novel DNA sequences
- Genes expressed as RNA
- Polypeptide expression
The Correct Option is C
Approach Solution - 1
The correct answer is Option C) Genes expressed as RNA
Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) are DNA sequences that represent expressed genes. They are derived from the mRNA molecules produced during protein synthesis.
- ESTs are utilized in the Human Genome Project.
- They provide valuable information about gene expression and help in understanding the human genome.
Therefore, Option C is the correct answer.
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Approach Solution -2
The correct answer is Option C) Genes expressed as RNA
Real Life Applications
Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) are concise DNA sequences originating from the 3' end of messenger RNA (mRNA). Their practical applications include:
1. Gene Identification: ESTs aid in identifying expressed genes in specific cells or tissues, revealing new genes' existence and studying known gene functions.
2. Gene Expression Analysis: ESTs enable measuring gene expression in various cells or tissues, helping understand gene regulation and identifying disease-related genes.
3. Disease Association: ESTs assist in identifying genes linked to diseases, leading to the development of targeted gene therapies.
Real-life Examples of EST Applications:
- During the Human Genome Project's early stages, ESTs prioritized sequencing crucial genes, accelerating the project's progress.
- Currently, ESTs are employed to study gene expression across tissues and developmental stages, revealing insights into gene regulation and biological processes.
- ESTs are utilized to identify disease-related genes, contributing to the creation of new diagnostic tests and treatment strategies.
Question can also be asked as
- What are Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs)?
- What is the purpose of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs)?
- How are Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) generated?
- What are the applications of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs)?
Approach Solution -3
The correct answer is Option C) Genes expressed as RNA
Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) are crucial components of genomic research, providing valuable insights into the expression of genes in organisms. They represent genes that are actively transcribed into RNA molecules.
- Expressed Sequence Tags are short DNA sequences derived from complementary DNA libraries or transcriptome sequencing.
- They represent genes that are actively expressed and transcribed into RNA molecules.
Generation of Expressed Sequence Tags
- The process of generating ESTs involves the conversion of mRNA molecules into complementary DNA (cDNA).
- Reverse transcriptase enzymes are used to synthesize a complementary DNA copy of the mRNA template.
- The cDNA is then sequenced to obtain the ESTs, which represent specific gene sequences.
ESTs have been instrumental in identifying and discovering novel genes in different organisms, including humans. Comparative analysis of ESTs from different species helps in understanding evolutionary relationships and identifying conserved genes.
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Concepts Used:
The Molecular Basis of Inheritance
DNA Replication:
DNA synthesis is commenced at particular points within the DNA strand referred to as ‘origins’, which are certain coding regions. There are numerous origin sites, and when replication of DNA starts, these sites are mentioned as replication forks. Within the replication, the complex is the enzyme DNA Helicase, so that they can be utilized as a template for replication. DNA Primase is another enzyme that's essential in DNA replication.
RNA:
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is an essential biological macromolecule that exists all together in biological cells. It is principally involved in the synthesis of proteins, that carry the messenger instructions from DNA, which itself contains the genetic instructions needed for the event and maintenance of life. In some viruses, RNA, in spite of DNA, carries genetic information.
Genetic Code:
Genetic code is the term we use in the manner that the four bases of DNA--the A, C, G, and Ts--are strung together in a way that the ribosome, the cellular machinery, can read them and switch them into a protein. In the ordering, every three nucleotides during a row count as a triplet and code for one amino alkanoic acid.
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