Question

Explain Wurtz-fittig reaction.

Answer 1

Wurtz-Fittig Reaction

The Wurtz-Fittig reaction is a cross-coupling reaction that involves the coupling of two alkyl halides to form a carbon-carbon bond. It is typically used to synthesize symmetrical alkanes by using two alkyl halides with the same alkyl group. The reaction requires a metal catalyst such as sodium (Na) or potassium (K).

General Reaction:

2 R-X + 2 R'-X' → R-R' + 2 X''

In this reaction, R and R' represent alkyl groups, X and X' represent halogen atoms (e.g., chlorine or bromine), and R-R' is the desired symmetrical alkane product.

Mechanism:

The alkyl halides react in the presence of sodium (Na) or potassium (K), forming free radicals or carbanions, which then couple to form a new carbon-carbon bond.

Example:

2 C2H5Cl → C4H10 + 2 NaCl

Here, ethyl chloride reacts to form butane.

Limitations:

• Works only for symmetrical alkane synthesis.
• Not effective with tertiary alkyl halides due to instability of tertiary radicals.

Applications:

The Wurtz-Fittig reaction is used in organic synthesis for the production of alkanes, especially in the preparation of hydrocarbons and long-chain alkanes for industrial use.

Conclusion:

The Wurtz-Fittig reaction is a useful method for synthesizing symmetrical alkanes but has limitations when it comes to tertiary alkyl halides and asymmetric alkane production.