Question

Explain the significance and features of Sanchi Stupa.

Answer 1

The
Sanchi Stupa, located in Madhya Pradesh, is one of the oldest stone structures in India and a significant monument of ancient Buddhist architecture. It was originally commissioned by Emperor Ashoka in the 3\textsuperscript{rd} century BCE and later enlarged during the Shunga period.

Architectural Features: The Great Stupa is a hemispherical dome that contains relics of the Buddha. It is crowned by a \textit{harmika} and a central pillar topped with a \textit{chhatra} (umbrella), symbolizing high rank.

Toranas (Gateways): The four elaborately carved gateways (toranas) at cardinal directions are notable for their intricate reliefs. These depict scenes from the Jataka tales, life events of the Buddha, and symbolic representations like the Bodhi tree or the wheel.

Medhi and Pradakshina Patha: The circular terrace (medhi) allowed devotees to perform circumambulation (pradakshina). This reflects the ritual practice central to Buddhist worship.

Symbolism and Aniconism: The Sanchi Stupa is known for its symbolic, rather than anthropomorphic, depiction of the Buddha—through footprints, the lotus, wheel, and empty throne.

Significance: Sanchi represents the spread of Buddhism and the state’s role in supporting religious architecture. It is also a masterpiece of early Indian art and craftsmanship.