Question

Explain the Portuguese-Maratha relations: Relationship between the Portuguese and Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj.

Hint:

Sambhaji Maharaj’s relationship with the Portuguese was characterized by conflict, especially over territorial disputes and religious tensions, marking a continuation of theMaratha struggle against European colonial powers.

Answer 1

Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj, the eldest son of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, inherited a turbulent relationship with the Portuguese. His reign witnessed both military confrontations and attempts at negotiation with the Portuguese.

1. Diplomatic Engagement: Sambhaji, like his father, recognized the importance of dealing with the Portuguese, as they controlled significant coastal areas. However, his relationship with them was marked by distrust and conflict, especially as the Portuguese attempted to expand their control in areas that the Marathas considered part of their domain.
2. Military Conflict: During Sambhaji’s reign, the Portuguese continued to clash with the Marathas. Sambhaji launched raids on Portuguese territories, targeting their coastal towns and forts. These military confrontations, especially in the Konkan region, were part of the broader struggle between the Marathas and European colonial powers.
3. Religious and Political Tensions: The religious divide between the Marathas, who were predominantly Hindus, and the Portuguese, who were Catholic, also fueled tensions. The Portuguese were seen as oppressors of Hindus, and this was a major point of contention. Sambhaji’s strong opposition to Portuguese policies, especially regarding religious freedom, led to increasing animosity between the two sides.
4. Sambhaji’s Capture and Execution: In 1689, Sambhaji was captured by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb’s forces. While imprisoned, the Portuguese, who were allied with the Mughals, reportedly played a role in his capture. Sambhaji was brutally executed by the Mughals, but the Portuguese involvement in his downfall was a source of bitterness for the Marathas.

In conclusion, Sambhaji’s relationship with the Portuguese was dominated by military conflict and political opposition, as he sought to defend Maratha territories and preserve religious freedoms.