Question

Explain the modern methods of irrigation. (any one)

Hint:

Modern irrigation methods like drip and sprinkler systems improve water efficiency and help farmers grow better crops, even in water-scarce regions.

Answer 1

One modern method of irrigation is:

1. Drip Irrigation:

• Definition: Drip irrigation is a modern irrigation technique where water is delivered directly to the root zone of plants in small quantities using narrow tubes, emitters, or drippers.
• Working Principle: - A network of pipes, valves, and emitters is laid out near the base of plants. - Water drips slowly at low pressure, ensuring minimal water loss due to evaporation or runoff. - Water is delivered precisely to the plant roots.
• Advantages: - Reduces water wastage by up to 50-70%. - Prevents soil erosion and minimizes weed growth. - Increases crop yield and saves time for farmers. - Suitable for arid and semi-arid regions where water is scarce.
• Example: Drip irrigation is widely used in horticulture and cash crops like tomatoes, cucumbers, and grapes.

2. Sprinkler Irrigation:

• Definition: Sprinkler irrigation mimics rainfall by spraying water over crops using a system of pumps, pipes, and rotating nozzles.
• Working Principle: - Water is pumped at high pressure through pipes to rotating sprinklers. - The sprinklers spray water in a uniform pattern across the field.
• Advantages: - Suitable for uneven terrains and large areas. - Reduces labor costs and saves water compared to traditional methods. - Prevents soil erosion and improves crop growth.
• Example: Sprinkler systems are used for crops like wheat, sugarcane, and grasslands.