Question

Explain the meaning of rectification. Using a p-n junction diode, draw a circuit diagram of a full-wave rectifier and give a brief description of its working. Give a graphical representation of input and output voltage/current.

Hint:

In a full-wave rectifier, the current flows through the load resistor during both halves of the input AC signal, providing a more consistent DC output.

Answer 1

Rectification is the process of converting alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). In a rectifier, a diode allows current to flow in one direction, blocking it in the opposite direction. The most common type of rectifier is the p-n junction diode.
A full-wave rectifier uses both halves of the input signal to produce a continuous DC output. It uses two diodes in a bridge configuration, allowing current to flow in both halves of the AC input cycle.
The circuit diagram for a full-wave rectifier is as follows:
\[ \text{[Insert Diagram of Full-Wave Rectifier]} \] In the positive half-cycle of the input AC, one diode conducts and allows current to pass through the load resistor. In the negative half-cycle, the other diode conducts, allowing current to flow in the same direction through the load. This results in a full-wave rectified output.
The output waveform of a full-wave rectifier is a series of positive peaks, with the negative half of the AC signal flipped to the positive side. This gives a smoother DC output compared to a half-wave rectifier.