Question

Explain the full-wave rectification process of p-n junction diode, with the help of a circuit diagram.

Hint:

Half-wave rectifier uses only one half cycle, while full-wave rectifier uses both halves of AC.

Answer 1

Step 1: Principle.
A p-n junction diode allows current only during forward bias. In full-wave rectifier, two diodes conduct alternately for each half cycle of AC input.

Step 2: Circuit arrangement.
- A center-tapped transformer provides AC input.
- Two diodes $D_1$ and $D_2$ are connected across the secondary.
- Load resistance $R_L$ is connected across the output.

Step 3: Working process.
1. During the positive half cycle of input AC:
- Upper half of secondary is positive.
- $D_1$ conducts (forward biased), $D_2$ is reverse biased.
- Current flows through $R_L$ in one direction.
2. During the negative half cycle of input AC:
- Lower half of secondary is positive.
- $D_2$ conducts (forward biased), $D_1$ is reverse biased.
- Current again flows through $R_L$ in the same direction.

Step 4: Output.
Both halves of input AC are converted into pulsating DC. The frequency of output is double the input frequency.
Step 5: Circuit diagram.
(Insert standard full-wave rectifier diagram with center-tapped transformer and two diodes).

Step 6: Conclusion.
Thus, the full-wave rectifier efficiently converts AC into DC, utilizing both halves of input.