Question

Explain the different types of network topologies: Bus, Star, Ring, and Tree.

Hint:

Remember shapes: Bus = Line, Star = Hub spokes, Ring = Circle, Tree = Hierarchy.

Answer 1

Concept: A network topology refers to the physical or logical arrangement of devices in a network. Different topologies affect performance, reliability, and scalability.
Step 1: Bus Topology.

• All devices are connected to a single central cable (backbone).
• Data travels in both directions along the bus.
• Simple and low cost.
• Disadvantage: Failure of backbone stops entire network.

Step 2: Star Topology.

• All devices connect to a central hub or switch.
• Most widely used topology today.
• Easy to install and manage.
• Failure of one device does not affect others, but hub failure stops network.

Step 3: Ring Topology.

• Devices are connected in a circular loop.
• Data travels in one direction around the ring.
• Equal access for all nodes.
• Disadvantage: A break in the ring can disrupt the network.

Step 4: Tree Topology.

• Combination of Star and Bus topologies.
• Organized in a hierarchical structure (root and branches).
• Suitable for large networks like organizations.
• Failure of a branch affects only that section.

Step 5: Comparison.
\[ \text{Bus} \rightarrow \text{Single backbone cable} \] \[ \text{Star} \rightarrow \text{Central hub connection} \] \[ \text{Ring} \rightarrow \text{Circular loop} \] \[ \text{Tree} \rightarrow \text{Hierarchical structure} \] Conclusion:
Each topology has its own advantages and limitations. Star topology is most common today, while Tree topology is preferred for large hierarchical networks.