Concept:
Switching techniques define how data is transmitted across a network.
Two major methods are:
Circuit Switching
Packet Switching
Step 1: Circuit Switching.
A dedicated communication path is established before data transfer.
The path remains reserved for the entire session.
Continuous transmission without interruption.
Example: Traditional telephone networks.
Working:
Call setup → Dedicated channel created.
Data flows continuously.
Channel released after communication ends.
Step 2: Packet Switching.
Data is divided into small packets.
Each packet travels independently.
No dedicated path; uses shared network resources.
Example: Internet communication.
Working:
Message split into packets.
Packets routed dynamically.
Reassembled at destination.
Step 3: Key Differences.
Concept:
Transmission media are classified based on how signals travel from sender to receiver:
Guided (Wired) Media
Unguided (Wireless) Media
Step 1: Guided Transmission Media.
Signals travel through physical cables.
Path is fixed and controlled.
Examples:
Twisted Pair Cable:
Two copper wires twisted together.
Used in telephones and LANs.
Low cost but limited bandwidth.
Fiber Optic Cable:
Uses light signals through glass fibers.
Very high speed and bandwidth.
Immune to electromagnetic interference.
Step 2: Unguided Transmission Media.
Signals travel through air or vacuum.
No physical connection required.
Examples:
Radio Waves:
Used in broadcasting and Wi-Fi.
Can travel long distances.
Microwaves:
Used in satellite and mobile communication.
Requires line-of-sight transmission.
Step 3: Key Differences. Conclusion:
Guided media provide secure and stable communication through cables, while unguided media enable wireless communication with greater flexibility and mobility.
Conclusion:
Circuit switching provides a fixed, reliable communication path, while packet switching offers flexible and efficient data transmission by sending data in packets over shared networks.
