Question

Examine India's foreign policy in the current context.

Hint:

India’s foreign policy in the current context emphasizes strategic autonomy, regional security, economic diplomacy, and strong partnerships with global powers.

Answer 1

India’s foreign policy has evolved significantly since independence, and in the current context, it continues to reflect the country’s aspirations of becoming a global power. The major factors influencing India’s foreign policy today include its national security concerns, economic growth, global partnerships, and regional dynamics. Below are the key elements of India’s foreign policy in the contemporary context:
1. Strategic Autonomy:
India’s foreign policy has always emphasized strategic autonomy, meaning it seeks to maintain independence in decision-making without aligning with any major power bloc. India pursues multi-alignment, which involves building relationships with various countries, both developed and developing, based on national interest rather than ideologies. The country avoids getting involved in bloc politics and strives to maintain a non-aligned stance in its diplomatic dealings.
2. Focus on Regional Security:
India's foreign policy has increasingly focused on regional security, particularly in South Asia. India aims to maintain peace and stability in its neighborhood, especially concerning Pakistan and China. The ongoing conflict with Pakistan over Jammu and Kashmir, along with frequent border tensions with China, are critical elements of India’s security policy. India's active role in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is aimed at promoting regional cooperation.
3. Strengthening Ties with Major Powers:
India has placed a significant emphasis on strengthening its relations with major powers, such as the United States, Russia, Japan, and the European Union. The India-U.S. relationship, in particular, has grown substantially over the past two decades. India and the U.S. cooperate in various areas such as defense, trade, and technology. India also continues to maintain a strategic partnership with Russia, especially in defense and energy sectors.
4. Economic Diplomacy:
India’s foreign policy places significant emphasis on economic diplomacy, seeking to enhance its trade relations and secure access to global markets. With the rise of the "Make in India" initiative, India has actively worked to attract foreign direct investment (FDI), promote innovation, and establish itself as a global manufacturing hub. The country’s growing engagement with global organizations like the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) highlights its active participation in shaping the global economic order.
5. Strategic Partnerships in the Indo-Pacific:
The Indo-Pacific region has become a focal point of India’s foreign policy, as it is critical for its economic growth, trade routes, and regional security. India has strengthened its relations with countries in the Indo-Pacific region, including Japan, Australia, and ASEAN countries, through forums such as the Quad (Quadrilateral Security Dialogue). India is keen on ensuring a free, open, and inclusive Indo-Pacific, where no single power dominates.
6. Defense Diplomacy:
India's defense diplomacy has become more prominent, with India seeking to build stronger defense ties with key global players. The country has been actively involved in joint military exercises and defense technology exchanges with nations like the United States, France, Russia, and Japan. India has also taken a more proactive role in the United Nations peacekeeping missions.
Conclusion:
India’s foreign policy today is characterized by its focus on strategic autonomy, regional security, and economic diplomacy. The country’s role in global politics is growing, and it is increasingly seen as a key player in shaping global governance, security, and economic trends. India is positioning itself as a responsible global power that balances its domestic priorities with its international aspirations.