We are given the sum of two integrals, \( \int_{\alpha}^{\beta} \varphi(x) \, dx + \int_{\beta}^{\alpha} \varphi(x) \, dx \). By the property of definite integrals, we know that:
\[
\int_{\alpha}^{\beta} \varphi(x) \, dx = -\int_{\beta}^{\alpha} \varphi(x) \, dx.
\]
Thus, adding these two integrals together gives:
\[
\int_{\alpha}^{\beta} \varphi(x) \, dx + \int_{\beta}^{\alpha} \varphi(x) \, dx = 0.
\]
Hence, the correct answer is option (C) \( 0 \).