Question

Euler’s theory applies to:

• A. Long columns with lateral loads
• B. Short columns
• C. Long, slender columns under axial compression
• D. Beams under bending

Hint:

Euler’s formula is valid only for ideal, long slender columns under axial compression, predicting buckling — not crushing or bending.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Euler’s theory, also known as Euler’s buckling theory, is used to determine the critical load at which a long, slender column will buckle under axial compression.
This theory is valid only for columns that are:
- Long and slender (high slenderness ratio),
- Perfectly straight initially,
- Made of a homogeneous material,
- Subjected to axial compressive loads only.
It does not apply to:
- (1) Columns with lateral loads — these experience bending and are outside Euler's assumptions.
- (2) Short columns — these fail due to crushing, not buckling.
- (4) Beams under bending — different analysis methods apply.