Question

Emergency contraception.

Hint:

The sooner emergency contraception is used after unprotected sex, the more effective it will be in preventing pregnancy.

Answer 1

Step 1: Introduction to Emergency Contraception.
Emergency contraception (E is a method used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. It is most effective when used as soon as possible after intercourse but can work up to 72-120 hours (depending on the metho.
Step 2: Types of Emergency Contraception.
(1) Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECPs):
- Levonorgestrel (Plan : A single pill taken within 72 hours to prevent ovulation. It is available over-the-counter in many places.
- Ulipristal Acetate (ell: A prescription-only pill that can be taken up to 120 hours after unprotected sex. It works by delaying or inhibiting ovulation.
(2) Copper IUD:
- The copper IUD can also be used as emergency contraception if inserted by a healthcare provider within 5 days of unprotected sex. It works by preventing fertilization and implantation.
Step 3: Mechanism of Action.
Emergency contraception primarily works by:
- Inhibiting or delaying ovulation.
- Interfering with fertilization by altering the cervical mucus.
- Preventing implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus (in the case of the IU.
Step 4: Timing and Effectiveness.
- ECPs are most effective within 24 hours, but still reduce the risk of pregnancy if taken up to 72-120 hours after intercourse.
- Copper IUD is the most effective method of emergency contraception and can be used up to 5 days after unprotected sex.
Step 5: Side Effects and Considerations.
- ECPs may cause nausea, fatigue, or changes in menstrual bleeding.
- The copper IUD may cause pain or bleeding upon insertion.
- Emergency contraception does not protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).