Question

Downstream processing method involves:

• A. Identification
• B. Amplification
• C. Fermentation
• D. Purification

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Downstream Processing: Product Purification After Fermentation 

This question defines downstream processing and its role in bioprocessing.

What is Downstream Processing?

• Downstream processing refers to the sequence of unit operations used to purify and concentrate biological products from a fermentation broth or other biological source.
• It occurs after fermentation (or cell culture) is complete.

Objectives of Downstream Processing:

• To isolate the desired product from a complex mixture of cells, cell debris, media components, and other contaminants.
• To purify the product to the required level of purity.
• To concentrate the product for efficient storage, formulation, or further processing.

Typical Downstream Processing Steps:

• Cell removal (e.g., centrifugation, filtration)
• Product isolation (e.g., extraction, adsorption)
• Product purification (e.g., chromatography)
• Product polishing (e.g., crystallization, drying)
• Formulation

Importance:

• Downstream processing is a critical step in biomanufacturing and significantly contributes to the overall cost and efficiency of the process.