Question

Distinguish between ‘irrigated’ and ‘rainfed agriculture’ in India with examples.

Hint:

The key difference between irrigated and rainfed agriculture is the reliance on artificial water supply in irrigated areas, while rainfed agriculture depends solely on natural precipitation.

Answer 1

Irrigated Agriculture: Irrigated agriculture refers to farming where water is supplied artificially to the crops through canals, wells, and other systems. In regions where rainfall is insufficient or erratic, irrigation is used to ensure proper crop growth. Examples:
1. Punjab and Haryana: These states are known for their extensive irrigated farming, particularly the cultivation of wheat and rice.
2. Uttar Pradesh: Large parts of Uttar Pradesh use irrigation for the cultivation of sugarcane, rice, and other crops.
Rainfed Agriculture:
Rainfed agriculture depends solely on rainfall for water. In this form of agriculture, crops are grown in areas where there is sufficient rainfall or in areas where the natural water resources are inadequate. Examples:
1. Madhya Pradesh: Large areas of Madhya Pradesh rely on rainfed agriculture for crops like cotton, groundnut, and soybean.
2. Chhattisgarh: The state largely practices rainfed agriculture, cultivating paddy, pulses, and vegetables during the monsoon season.