Question:

Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish between
Plasmid DNA and chromosomal DNA
RNA and DNA
Exonuclease and Endonuclease

CBSE CLASS XII

Updated On: Jan 25, 2024

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Solution and Explanation

a. Plasmid DNA and chromosomal DNA

Plasmid DNA	Chromosomal DNA
Plasmid DNA is an extra-chromosomal DNA molecule in bacteria that is capable of replicating, independent of chromosomal DNA	Chromosomal DNA is the entire DNA of an organism present inside chromosomes

b. RNA and DNA

RNA		DNA
1.	. RNA is a single stranded molecule	DNA is a double stranded molecule.
2.	It contains ribose sugar.	It contains deoxyribose sugar.
3.	The pyrimidines in RNA are adenine and uracil.	The pyrimidines in DNA are adenine and thymine.
4.	RNA cannot replicate itself.	DNA molecules have the ability to replicate.
5.	It is a component of the ribosomes.	It is a component of the chromosomes.

c. ) Exonuclease and Endonuclease

Exonuclease	Endonuclease
It is a type of restriction enzyme that removes the nucleotide from 5' or 3' ends of the DNA molecule.	It is a type of restriction enzyme that makes a cut within the DNA at a specific site to generate sticky ends

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Notes on Biotechnology

Concepts Used:

Recombinant Technology

Recombinant DNA technology is the process used for producing new genetic combinations by joining different genetic material (DNA) together and inserting them into host organisms from two different species or sources. These new combinations are of value to medicine, science, industry, and agriculture.

Process of Recombinant DNA Technology:

Step 1- Isolation of Genetic Material.

Step 2- Cutting the gene at the recognition sites.

Step 3- Amplifying the gene copies through Polymerase chain reaction ( PCR)

Step 4- Ligation of DNA Molecules.

Step 5- Insertion of Recombinant DNA into Host.

Application of Recombinant DNA Technology:

In agricultural fields Recombinant DNA Technology plays a major role. It produces genetically-modified organisms such as flavor save tomatoes, golden rice rich in protein and lot more
Recombinant DNA technology is also used to produce Insulin.
ELISA is one kind of clinical diagnosis where recombinant DNA technology is used.
Recombinant DNA technology prevents hereditary diseases through gene therapy and also detects the presence of HIV in a person.

Discuss with your teacher and find out how to distinguish betweenPlasmid DNA and chromosomal DNARNA and DNAExonuclease and Endonuclease