Question

Discuss the significance of Non-cooperation movement.

Hint:

The Non-cooperation Movement was a critical phase in the Indian struggle for independence, as it united diverse sections of society and introduced non-violent resistance as a powerful tool against British rule.

Answer 1

The Non-cooperation Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1920 as a response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the repressive policies of the British colonial government. The movement was centered around the principle of non-violent resistance (Satyagraha) and was aimed at achieving self-rule for India. The significance of the Non-cooperation Movement can be understood through the following points:
Step 1: Mass Mobilization.
The Non-cooperation Movement was the first large-scale mass movement that involved people from all walks of life, including students, workers, peasants, and even women. It spread across India and brought the rural and urban populations together against British rule. The boycott of British goods, institutions, and services became widespread, and this unity was a significant step toward creating a sense of nationalism.
Step 2: Political Awakening.
The movement led to a political awakening among the Indian population. It raised awareness about British exploitation and the need for self-rule. Many Indians, previously uninvolved in politics, were drawn into the struggle. This empowerment was crucial in shaping the Indian political landscape and increasing support for the Indian National Congress and its goal of independence.
Step 3: Economic Impact.
The economic boycott was one of the key strategies of the movement. Indians were encouraged to boycott British-made goods and revive traditional industries, such as spinning khadi (handwoven cloth). This economic strategy aimed to undermine British economic control over India and encourage self-reliance (Swadeshi). It led to the growth of local industries and fostered a sense of pride in indigenous products.
Step 4: Gandhi's Leadership.
Mahatma Gandhi’s leadership in the Non-cooperation Movement further solidified his status as the preeminent leader of the Indian freedom struggle. His insistence on non-violence and peaceful resistance made the movement unique and gave it moral authority. Despite facing repression from the British, Gandhi’s approach inspired millions and gave them hope that they could fight for independence without resorting to violence.
Step 5: Withdrawal of the Movement.
Though the movement gained significant momentum, it was abruptly withdrawn in 1922 following the Chauri Chaura incident, where protesters clashed with the police, resulting in the deaths of policemen. Gandhi, adhering to his principle of non-violence, called off the movement, but its impact was undeniable. It demonstrated the potential of mass mobilization and marked a critical turning point in the Indian freedom movement.