Question

Discuss the main features of Indian foreign policy.

Hint:

India’s foreign policy is guided by the principles of \textbf{Non-Alignment}, \textbf{peace}, and \textbf{strategic autonomy}. These elements allow India to engage with the world while preserving its sovereignty.

Answer 1

India's foreign policy has been characterized by the principle of Non-Alignment, the promotion of peace and security, and a focus on economic cooperation and development. The key features of Indian foreign policy can be outlined as follows: 1. Non-Alignment Movement (NAM):
One of the most prominent features of India’s foreign policy post-independence was its commitment to non-alignment. India, under Jawaharlal Nehru, refrained from joining either of the two power blocs during the Cold War (the US-led Western bloc or the Soviet-led Eastern bloc). India advocated for an independent, third path in international politics. This was aimed at ensuring India's sovereignty and fostering peaceful international relations.
2. Support for Decolonization:
India actively supported independence movements in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. As a newly independent country itself, India championed the cause of decolonization and the self-determination of peoples. It provided political and moral support to freedom movements, particularly in African nations.
3. Strategic Autonomy:
India’s foreign policy has always prioritized strategic autonomy, balancing relations with major powers without being overly dependent on any one country. India maintained diplomatic ties with both the US and the Soviet Union, depending on the issue at hand, while also cultivating relationships with non-aligned nations.
4. Peace and Security:
India has long been committed to promoting peace and security in the international arena. It has played an active role in the United Nations, participated in peacekeeping missions, and called for nuclear disarmament. India has also sought to resolve regional disputes through dialogue, notably with Pakistan and China.
5. Economic Diplomacy:
In recent decades, India’s foreign policy has also focused on economic diplomacy. With the growth of its economy, India has pursued closer economic relations with key global players, including the United States, Japan, and the European Union. India has been an advocate for global free trade and has strengthened ties with neighboring countries in South Asia.
6. Look East and Act East Policy:
India's “Look East” and later “Act East” policies focused on enhancing relations with Southeast Asia, East Asia, and the Pacific region. India has sought to increase its presence in the Asia-Pacific, focusing on trade, security, and regional cooperation.
Conclusion:
India’s foreign policy reflects its unique position in global politics. By balancing principles of non-alignment with pragmatic economic interests and strategic autonomy, India has established itself as a key player in regional and global affairs.