Question

Differentiate between DNA and RNA.

Hint:

DNA = double-stranded, deoxyribose, thymine, genetic storage; RNA = single-stranded, ribose, uracil, protein synthesis.

Answer 1

Concept: DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) are nucleic acids that play crucial roles in genetic information storage and expression. They differ in structure, composition, and function.
Step 1: Structural differences.

• DNA is double-stranded and forms a double helix.
• RNA is usually single-stranded.

Step 2: Sugar component.

• DNA contains deoxyribose sugar.
• RNA contains ribose sugar.

Step 3: Nitrogenous bases.

• DNA bases: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T).
• RNA bases: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Uracil (U).

Step 4: Function.

• DNA stores and transmits genetic information.
• RNA helps in protein synthesis (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA).

Step 5: Location.

• DNA is mainly found in the nucleus (also mitochondria).
• RNA is found in nucleus and cytoplasm.

Conclusion: DNA serves as the genetic blueprint of life, whereas RNA plays a functional role in expressing this genetic information through protein synthesis.