Question

Describe the teachings of Vardhaman Mahavira.

Hint:

Vardhaman Mahavira’s teachings emphasized compassion, non-violence, self-control, and the pursuit of spiritual liberation through asceticism and renunciation.

Answer 1

Vardhaman Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism, was a spiritual leader and philosopher who played a pivotal role in the development of Jain philosophy. His teachings centered around the principles of non-violence, self-discipline, and spiritual liberation. Below are the main teachings of Mahavira: Step 1: Ahimsa (Non-Violence).
Ahimsa, or non-violence, is the central teaching of Vardhaman Mahavira. He emphasized that all living beings have a soul and must be treated with respect and compassion. According to Mahavira, one should avoid causing harm to any living being through thoughts, words, or actions. This principle is one of the most important in Jainism and promotes peaceful coexistence and mutual respect.
Step 2: Anekantavada (Multiplicity of Viewpoints).
Anekantavada is the doctrine of non-absolutism, which teaches that reality is complex and can be understood from multiple perspectives. Mahavira asserted that different individuals may have different viewpoints and that truth is relative and subject to interpretation. This teaching promotes tolerance and acceptance of diverse opinions.
Step 3: Aparigraha (Non-Possessiveness).
Aparigraha is the principle of non-possessiveness, which encourages individuals to limit their attachment to material possessions and desires. Mahavira taught that attachment to worldly goods leads to suffering and that one should seek spiritual fulfillment rather than material wealth. This concept is closely tied to the idea of asceticism and renunciation.
Step 4: Self-Discipline and Asceticism.
Mahavira advocated for a life of strict self-discipline and ascetic practices. He believed that self-control over one's desires and actions is essential for spiritual growth. By practicing meditation, fasting, and renouncing worldly pleasures, individuals could purify their souls and achieve liberation (Moksha).
Step 5: Moksha (Liberation).
The ultimate goal of Vardhaman Mahavira’s teachings was the attainment of Moksha, or liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth (samsara). He taught that through right knowledge, right faith, and right conduct, individuals could free themselves from the bondage of karma and attain eternal bliss.