Question

Describe the important enzymes required for genetic engineering.

Hint:

Restriction enzymes act as molecular scissors, cutting DNA at specific sequences, which is crucial for gene manipulation.

Answer 1

Step 1: Introduction to Genetic Engineering. - Genetic engineering involves manipulating an organism’s DNA, which requires the use of specific enzymes that can cut, join, and replicate DNA.
Step 2: List of Important Enzymes. - Restriction Enzymes (Endonucleases): These enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing scientists to isolate and manipulate genes. - Ligases: These enzymes join DNA fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds, enabling the insertion of a gene into a vector. - Polymerase (e.g., Taq polymerase): Used in PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) to replicate specific DNA sequences for analysis. - Reverse Transcriptase: Converts RNA into complementary DNA (cDNA), used for studying gene expression.
Final Answer: Key enzymes for genetic engineering include restriction enzymes (for cutting DNA), ligases (for joining DNA), polymerase (for amplifying DNA), and reverse transcriptase (for making cDNA).