Question

Describe the formation and functions of the Rajya Sabha.

Hint:

Remember the triad: permanent house, 14-day money-bill limit, and Art. 249/312 special powers.

Answer 1

Constitutionally capped at 250 (present 245), 233 members are elected by State/UT Assemblies through proportional representation (STV), and 12 are nominated by the President from literature, science, art and social service. It is not subject to dissolution; one-third retire every two years; minimum age is 30. Functions: participates equally in ordinary legislation; can initiate impeachment of the President and remove the Vice-President (special resolution first in RS); considers Constitutional Amendments; and, unlike the Lok Sabha, cannot originate/defeat a Money Bill but may suggest changes within 14 days. Special powers: by a two-thirds resolution, it can authorise Parliament to legislate on a State List subject (Art. 249) and create All-India Services (Art. 312). It acts as a reviewing chamber safeguarding federal balance (≈139 words).