The Tambura is a traditional Indian stringed instrument that provides the essential drone in Carnatic and Hindustani music performances. It creates a continuous harmonic background that supports the main melody.
Construction of Tambura:
Body (Resonator):
The tambura has a large, hollow, rounded wooden body called the \textit{kudam} or \textit{tumba}, often made from seasoned wood or gourd, which acts as the resonating chamber.
Neck (Dandi):
A long, slender wooden neck extends from the body. It is usually plain without frets.
Strings:
Typically, four metal or nylon strings are stretched from the tuning pegs on the head to the bridge on the body. The strings are tuned to the tonic and important notes of the raga (commonly Sa, Pa, Sa, Pa).
Bridge:
A curved bridge supports the strings and transmits vibrations to the resonator.
Tuning Pegs:
Pegs located at the head of the neck adjust string tension for tuning.
Playing Techniques:
The tambura is plucked continuously in a regular rhythmic pattern, usually with the index and middle fingers.
The strings are plucked in sequence, creating a cyclic drone sound.
The drone emphasizes the tonic (Sa) and dominant (Pa), giving a sonic foundation for the performer.
Players maintain a steady rhythm and volume to ensure a consistent harmonic background.
The tambura is held vertically or angled on the lap while sitting.
Diagram:
